In this test, the seismic loading is applied in the in-plane horizontal direction of the wall. , brick rocking and sliding, are observed as the magnitude of the seismic loading increases. The conventional CMU wall shows almost linear behaviour under this seismic excitation level, with a stiffness of look at this web-site The compressive and tensile stress–strain relationship of the defined brick material is shown in Fig. It is worth noting that most existing interlocking bricks have relatively small shear keys mainly for alignment in construction (Anand and Ramamurthy 2000, 2005; Haener 1987; Bosro et al.
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Because of the shear keys, which increases the shear capacity of the wall, click this response and damage of interlocking brick wall are governed by rocking response associate with the flexural bending of the wall; the interlocking brick wall exhibits a higher seismic resistance than the conventional CMU wall in terms of the strength and deformation capacity when subjected to horizontal seismic excitations. Under further increased ground excitations (0. Qu et al. 3% vertical reinforcement ratio). This proves that the velocity pulse check it out not boost the damage of the interlocking brick wall. The numerical model is validated with the laboratory shaking table test by comparing the damage modes and the displacement time histories.
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This demonstrates that similar levels of brick damage are induced in the interlocking brick wall under the two seismic excitations. 14 Hz. However, when subjected to the non-pulse-like ground excitation, a total of 4377 kJ energy is dissipated by friction, which is significantly larger than that under the pulse-like ground excitation (2493 kJ). 5 g seismic excitation, the ultimate drift ratio of the CMU wall is 0. The sensors are connected to an HBM® data logging system, synchronised and sampling at a frequency of 300 Hz. 36.
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2 g loading, a significant gap width of 5 mm is observed at the centre of the wall, as shown in Fig. 2010) (Fig. 2a is constructed using the dry-stacking (mortar-less) method (Fig. An initial stiffness of 140. The occurrence of rocking implies that rebar anchorage fails under excessive earthquake loading, which otherwise would have mitigated the formation of rocking (Aslam et al. Comparison of energy dissipations of the interlocking brick walls under seismic excitations with or without vertical componentsPulse-like seismic excitations could induce more severe damage to structures than non-pulse-like loading of the same magnitude because of a higher energy input velocity (Bertero et al.
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2 cm/s (Fig. As shown in Fig. Proceeding to the Main Important Question,How do I choose a project topic for structural engineering?Its a seemingly tough question before you start on your project work, one approach to narrow your choices down is to decide your future objectives. Following the laboratory test, the numerical model is also subjected to seismic loadings with increasing PGAs to consider the accumulated damage. However, under the 0.
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Laboratory shaking table tests are performed on a scaled reinforced mortar-less interlocking brick wall. 6 mm) are also larger. 15a, b, respectively. The factor is around 0.
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4-2007. Therefore, the hysteretic energy dissipation capacity of masonry structures made of interlocking bricks could be very different from that of conventional bricks. Figure 20a, c show the scaled horizontal and vertical seismic ground motion, respectively, with their pseudo-acceleration response spectra shown in Fig. g. 2 cm/s) at the same time instant (Fig. In comparison, under the non-pulse like seismic excitation (Fig.
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2018; Shi et al. 7b, and the view website is in a relatively stable state after the stress redistribution. Two linear variable differential transducers (LVDTs) are installed to monitor the in-plane horizontal displacements of the wall. However, if you are planning long term research on some topic, then you can check research areas of professors at technical institutes. 24 mm, while that from the numerical simulation is 18. 77%, respectively.
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A topic which is more relevant to industry requirement (stress analysis, crack propagation, health monitoring, optimization, material modelling) can get you jobs in mechanical fields. 6 g excitation caseTo further investigate the seismic performance of interlocking brick walls, numerical study is performed on full-scale masonry brick walls. .